Scientific Measurements

Andrew Vreugdenhil; Kelly Wright

1 Scientific Measurements

Accurate measurements are essential when performing scientific experiments, this unit discusses accepted methods of measurement used by scientists, and the importance of units.

Scientific measurements generally adhere to the International System of Units (SI units). It is important to always include units when recording data, doing calculations and reporting results! Units are globally recognized and necessary for sharing information between scientists around the world. If you are unfamiliar with units of measurement, take time now to go through this interactive table to learn the definitions and meaning of the SI units that are commonly used in chemistry .

Video Transcript

Scientific Measurements

Accuracy:	Precision:
How close a measured value is to the accepted or real value.	The degree of reproducibility of a measured quantity; how close a series of measurements of the same quantity are to one other.

Scientific measurements generally adhere to the International System of Units (SI).

SI Base Units

Click on the following units of measurement to reveal their definition.
Note: Precise definitions of the SI units are not necessary to memorize. Rather, the relationships between the units and how to use them are the important parts to know.

SI Derived Units

Click on the following units of measurement to reveal their definition.

Volume

Volume is a measure of space. It is a unit of length raised to the third power.

The SI unit of length is the meter. One meter cubed is equivalent to 1000 L. Litres, which are a convenient unit for scientific measurements, are a more common measurement unit than meters cubed.

[latex]1\ L = 1\ dm^{3}[/latex]
[latex]1\ L = 1000\ mL[/latex]
[latex]1\ cm^{3} = 1\ mL[/latex]

Density

A ratio of mass (m) to volume (V) of a substance.
[latex]\text{Density} = \frac{\text{mass}}{\text{volume}}[/latex]

SI Prefixes: Units of Measure for All Sizes

The dimensions of the different types of matter measured in scientific research vary a lot! It would be impractical to use a macroscopic measurement, such as the meter, to report the length of a human cell. To keep measurements in a usable scale, scientists use SI prefixes, which are multipliers that change unit values by multiples of ten. For example, a nanometer is nine orders of magnitude smaller than a meter and is convenient for measurements of objects such as molecules.

Multipliers that change unit values by multiples of ten.

[latex]1\ nm= \frac{1\ um}{1000\ nm} = \frac{1\ mm}{1000\ um} = \frac{1\ m}{1000\ mm} = \frac{1\ km}{1000\ m} = 0.000000000001\ km[/latex]

[latex]1\quad km= \frac{1000\quad m}{1\quad km} = \frac{1000\quad mm}{1\quad m} = \frac{1000\quad um}{1\quad mm} = \frac{1000\quad nm}{1\quad um}[/latex] = 1000000000000 nm

Scientific Measurements Examples

When making scientific measurements it is important to be as precise as possible. Precision is the degree of reproducibility of a measured quantity; how close a series of measurements of the same quantity are to one other. A measurement value with a high degree of precision will have a larger number of digits.